The study was conducted to assess the current situation of livestock production and the situation of rumen acidosis in small-scale dairy farming in Vietnam. The research conducted on 135 small-scale livestock farms in the North, Central and South from 2017 to 2019. The survey results showed that 65.42% of cows were raised, locked in barns, forage and forage separately 80.38% and milk yield over 5,000 liters / cycle of 305 days accounting for 70.39% in small-scale farms. The method of feeding concentrate and forage separately had a significant effect on the prevalence of rumen acidosis in the herd of 12.24%. Increased milk yield affects the incidence of rumen acidosis. The results of this study show an overview of the current situation of small-scale dairy farming in relation to rumen acidosis and from there appropriate preventive measures.